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高考英语写作中的七类一致性错误
文章作者:陈仁祯    文章来源:高考英语网    点击数:   更新时间:2007-09-22
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 高考英语写作中的七类一致性错误

一、比较对象不一致

在英语的比较句型中,两个待比较的对象应具有可比性,这也就是语法上说的比较对象的一致性问题。有的同学在进行英语写作时,经常忽略这个一致性问题,从而写出一些不合英语习惯的句子。如:

误:The population of China is much larger than Japan.

正:The population of China is much larger than that of Japan.

析:the population of China 应与 the population of China比较,而不能与 Japan 比较,即误句主要错在比较对象不一致。注意,为避免重复,正句中的the population of Chinathat of China代替。

误:The style of the new building is different from the old one.

正:The style of the new building is different from that of the old one.

正:The new building is different from the old one in style.

析:用different表示比较时,也要注意比较对象的一致性。就本题而言,新的 style 应与旧的 style 比,或新的building与旧的 building 比,而不能将两者混在一起。

 

二、主谓不一致

在英语中,句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上必须一致。由于受汉语的影响,许多同学在写作时经常忽略句子的主谓一致关系,从而造成错误。如:

误:Anyone can borrow the books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.

正:Anyone can borrow the books and it costs nothing to borrow them.

析:第一个分句的时态是一般现在时,故第二个分句中的动词cost不可能是动词的过去式,且由于句子主语是it,故谓语动词应用一般现在时costs,而不能用过去式cost

误:He as well as his parents have been to the Great Wall.

正:He as well as his parents has been to the Great Wall.

析:当作主语的名词或代词后有as well as, in addition to, including, with, along with, together with, but, except等引导的成分时,谓语动词的单复数仍由其前的主语决定。再如:My English teacher together with his family is from England.

误:Not only John but also I are going to Shanghai next week.

正:Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week.

析:在由not only…but also…, not just…but…, or, either…or…, neither…nor…连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中,谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理,即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如:Neither you nor she is a teacher.

 

三、单复数不一致

名词有可数和不可数之分,而可数名词又有单数与复数之区。在英语写作中,名词单复数问题也是许多同学经常忽略的一个问题。如:

误:On the way home I took a lot of picture because since the scenery was so beautiful. I’ll have them developed this afternoon.

正:On the way home I took a lot of pictures because the scenery was so beautiful. I’ll have them developed this afternoon.

析: take picture中的picture为可数名词,根据下文中的them可知,此处应用复数形式pictures

误:He has been working so hard recently that he has got good mark in all his subjects.

正:He has been working so hard recently that he has got good marks in all his subjects.

析:从后面的subjects来看,mark应用复数形式,说的是在各科考试中都取得了好分数。

 

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