读诺贝尔奖获得者简介，做阅读填空型模拟真题

Some people say that Australia is not a great country in population, but a great one in winning the Nobel Prize. It has only a population of 20 million, but eight of them have been awarded the Nobel Prize.

Lawrence Bragg & William Bragg：The two physicists received the Nobel Prize in 1915 for their work in x-ray crystallography. They remain the only father and son team to be awarded the prize, and Lawrence who was aged 25 at the time is still the youngest receiver. Lawrence thought that the important thing in science was not so much to obtain new facts as to discover new ways of thinking about them.

Howard Florey：He received the Nobel Prize in the year World War II ended along with Alexander Fleming and Ernest Chain (both British) for their work on the medicinal properties of penicillin. It was Florey who later turned into the practical drug which was to save millions of lives. But Florey said that the war had nothing to do with the discovery of penicillin in the Second World War. Some people thought that Florey went hot-headed at the problem because of the needs of the fighting forces, but that was not so. Florey said it was pure accident that the discovery happened to be made at the time when it was most wanted.

Macfarlane Burnett: He received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1960 for his work on immunology. As a great scientist in medicine, he once said, “One can think of the middle of the twentieth century as the end of one of the most important social revolutions in history, the virtual elimination of the infectious disease as an important factor in social life.”

John Eccles: He graduated from Melbourne University in Medicine with first class honours in 1925 and 38 years later he received the Nobel Prize along with Andrew Huxley and Alan Hodgkin (both British) for their work on nerve cells.

Patrick White：Australia has quite some scientists who have won the Nobel Prize, but Patrick White is the first one to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. When he was awarded the prize in 1973, the Swedish Academy’s commendation referred to the author’s epic and psychological narrative art as having introduced a new continent into literature. Some people think that Patrick White was a difficult man who wrote difficult novels that won him the Nobel Prize.

John Cornforth：He suffered a hearing loss from childhood, but he was aided in communicating by his wife and co-researcher Rita Harradence. His main affiliations were with the National Institute for Medical Research in London (1946–62) and the Milstead Laboratory of Chemical Enzymology for Shell Research, Ltd. (1962–75). In 1975 he and Vladimir Prelog were awarded the Nobel Prize for their efforts to relate molecular structure to the properties of chemical compounds.

Peter Doherty：He received the prize in 1996 together with Rolf M. Zinkernagel (Swiss) for discovering how T cells, a critical component of the immune system, recognize virus-infected cells. His work advanced immunology and laid the foundation for modern medical assaults on viral-borne diseases such as AIDS.

Who won the prize	When to win the prize	What kind of prize	With whom to 1._________
Lawrence Bragg	1915	2.________	3._________
Howard Florey	4.________	5.________	Alexander Fleming and Ernest Chain
Macfarlane Burnett	1960	Medicine	None
John Eccles	6._________	7.________	Andrew Huxley and Alan Hodgkin
Patrick White	1973	Literature	None
John Cornforth	1975	8.________	Vladimir Prelog
Peter Doherty	1996	9.________	10.__________

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