陈述句与疑问句由直接引语变间接引语的方法

引用别人的话一般有两种方式，一种是直接述别人的原话，并把它放在引号内，这叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人的话，并且不能用引号，这就是间接引语。间接引语在许多情况下构成宾语从句。

1. 直接引语为陈述句时如何变为间接引语的方法

将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后(that也可省略)。如：

He said, “I want to buy a dictionary.”

→He said (that) he wanted to buy a dictionary.

注：(1) 若引述动词用的是say to sb这样的句型，则通常改为tell sb：

“I hope you can come,” he said to me.

→He told me that he hoped I could go.

(2) 若直接引语是两个并列的陈述句，要注意在第二个宾语从句前加连词that：

He said, “I am tired and I want to have a rest.”

→He said that he was tired and that he wanted to have a rest.

在此种情况下，引导第一个宾语从句的that有时可以省略，但引导第二个宾语从句的that通常不省略，以免误解。

2. 直接引语为一般疑问句时如何变为间接引语的方法

将直接引语变为由if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后：

“Have you been there?” he asked.

→He asked if I had been there.

注：(1) 改为宾语从句的间接引语要用陈述句词序。

(2) 若直接引语的引述动词为say，改成间接引语应将其改为ask等：

“Do you like it?” he said.

→He asked if [whether] I liked it.

3. 直接引语为特殊疑问句时如何变为间接引语的方法

将直接引语变为由“疑问词”引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后：

He said, “Jim, when is the next train?”

→He asked Jim when the next train was.

注：(1) 改为宾语从句的间接引语要用陈述句词序。

(2) 若直接引语的引述动词为say，改成间接引语应将其改为ask等：

He said, “Where is the station?”

→He asked where the station was.”

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