(3) 多一代词

① 主语与谓语之间多一关系代词。如：

Some people don’t like football, but many people who do like it.

② 作定语的分词前多一关系代词。如：

I know the boy who standing there.(也可在 who 后加 is)

The man who invited to the ball last night is my friend.(也可在 who 后加was)

③ 定语从句中的名词已由关系代词取代，再用代词则是多余的。如：

She bought the book (that) she had first asked for it.

I have seen the girl (whom) you are talking of her.

④ 用不定式作定语时，如果其逻辑宾语或介词宾语就是被修饰的名词词组，后面再用代词是多余的。如：

The tea is too hot to drink it.

He is a good comrade to work with him.

⑤ 在“形容词 + 不定式”句型中，如果不定式的逻辑宾语或介词宾语就是句子的主语，再用代词作宾语或介词宾语则是多余的。如：

This question is too difficult to answer it.

The house is nice to live in it.

⑥ 在“连词 + 分词 / 名词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 介词词组”结构中，加上代词作主语是多余的。如：

He took notes while he reading.

If it heated, ice turns to water.

(4) 多一助动词

① 时间、条件从句中用一般现在时表示将来时，用 will, would 是多余的。如：

If he will try hard, he will succeed.

I’ll tell them about it as soon as they will come.

② be sure 或 make sure + that 从句中用一般现在时表将来，用 will, would 是多余的。如：

I make sure that you will come early.

③ 在宾语从句中主语前的助动词是多余的。如：

Would you tell me what do you want?

④ 独立结构中的 be(助动词或连系动词)是多余的。如：

The game was over, he went home.

She smiled, tears were still running down her face.

(5) 多一冠词

① 与介词 at, in, to连用的名词 school, class, town, hospital, church, prison, bed 等表示与其有关的活动时，用冠词是多余的。如：go to the school(上学), be in the prison(坐牢), be in the bed(在睡觉)

② 与 by 连用的交通工具名称和 air, land, sea 等名词前用冠词是多余的。如：by the bike, by the sea, by the train

③  表示游戏活动而不是表示游戏工具的名词前不用冠词。如：play the / a volleyball, play the chess, play the table tennis

④ 由“专有名词 + 普通名词”构成的专有名词前不用定冠词。如：the Beijing Airport, the Oxford Street, the Hyde Park

⑤ 在一些固定搭配中。如：at the first, at the last, the most of us

⑥ most 作“非常”解时，前面用 the 是多余的。如：

Oh! It’s the most beautiful!

She is the most diligent.

⑦ 含有 Day 的节日前加 the 是多余的。如：the May Day, the Women’s Day, the National day, the New Year’s Day

⑧ 在“名词 + as / though…”结构中，名词前不用任何冠词。如：a child as he is / a fool as he is

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