(4) 缺一助动词或连系动词 be

① 表语不是名词时，可能缺少连系动词 be，因为汉语在这种情况下不用“是”。如：

He ∧ (is) afraid of his father.

The match ∧ (is) over.

② 被动语态中缺少助动词 be，成了主动语态。如：

He has ∧ (been) asked to sing in English.

③ 完成体中缺少助动词 have，成了一般过去时。如：

We realized that we ∧ (had) lost our way.

They ∧ (have) lived here since 1980.

④ 在倒装句中缺少助动词或情态动词。如：

Hardly ∧ (had) I reached the bus stop when the bus started.

Seldom ∧ (do) I get invited into the office alone.

Only in this way ∧ (can) you learn English well.

(5) 缺一冠词

① 在 such 或 so + 形容词与单数可数名词连用时，不可缺 a (an)。如：

He is such ∧ (an) honest boy that all of us like him.

This is so good ∧ (a) book that I read it again.

② 表示“有些”时，little, few前面不可缺少 a。如：

Don’t hurry. There is ∧ (a) little time left.

③ many 前有 great, good 时，要加 a。如：∧(a) great many people.若 many 后接单数名词，中间须有 a (an)。如：Many ∧ (a) man has tried it before.

④ 一些不可数名词前，有形容词修饰表示“一种(场)等”时，要加 a (an)。如：

It’s ∧ (a) famous Chinese tea.

There was∧ (a) heavy rain last night.

⑤ 用专有名词表示“一个像(叫)……的人”时，用 a (an), 如：

He wished to be ∧ (a) Lei Feng.

∧ (A) Mr Wang called you up just now.

⑥“形容词比较级 + of the two…”前必须用 the。如：

He is ∧ (the) better one of the two.

(6) 缺小品词 to

① 不定式充当各种成分，一般都不能缺少 to。如：

She went there ∧ (to) see her mother.

He asked me not ∧ (to) go there.

I have something important ∧ (to) tell you.

② make, let, have, see, hear, notice, observe, watch 等动词变成被动语态时，充当主语补足语的不定式前的 to需还原。如：

She was made ∧ (to) do heavy work.

The blind man was seen ∧ (to) cross the street.

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