五、不要因逗号误判which

有的同学一看见逗号，就以为一定要选which而不选that，但问题是有时根本就不是定语从句。如：

1. If a book is in English, ______ means slow progress for you.

A. as        B. which      C. what        D. that

2. When I say two hours, ______ includes time for eating.

A. as        B. which      C. what        D. that

【分析】以上两题均应选that，而不能选which，因为它们根本不是定语从句。之所以选that，是因为句中已有if和when引导的状语从句，逗号后为主句，that为主句主语。

六、不要混淆which与whose

两者在定语从句中都可用作定语，区别是：whose 的意思相当于 one’s，而 which 的意思则相当于 that 或 this。比较：

1. This is Mary, whose father we met last week.

2. Call again at 11, by which time the meeting should be over.

【分析】第1句用whose，whose father相当于 and her father；第2句用which，by which time 相当于 and by that time。

七、不要弄错定语从句中谓语动词的数

原则上说，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数应与所修饰先行词的单复数保持一致，否则就会出错。如：

谁那样说都是在说谎。

误：Anyone who say that is lying.

正：Anyone who says that is lying.

不算生病的，我们一共20人。

误：There are 20 of us, not counting those who is sick.

正：There are 20 of us, not counting those who are sick.

八、不要受汉语影响导致定语从句用词累赘或成分残缺

一方面，引导定语从句的关系代词与定语从句修饰的先行词表示同样的概念，因此，千万不可在定语从句中误加与先行词同义的代词；另一方面，也不能受汉语习惯的影响，省去定语从句中不该省略的必要成分。如：

他是一个人人都敬重的人。

误：He is a man that everyone respects him.

正：He is a man that everyone respects.

刚才给我们讲故事的那个人很有趣。

误：The man told us a story just now is very interesting.

正：The man who told us a story just now is very interesting.

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