名词在语境中的考查

根据语境，从意义相近或拼写相似或用法易混的几个名词中选出一个最恰当的选项。这是考查名词最常用的方式。如：

1. The new law will come into ________ on the day it is passed. (上海卷)

A. effect                                              B. use

C. service                                            D. existence

【分析】答案选A。come into effect (生效)和come into use(开始被使用)都是习语，但从语境来判断应当是“生效”，意义才通顺。(from www.nmet168.com)

2. —I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired.

—There is no ________ for this while you are on duty. (03北京卷)

A. reason                                              B. excuse

C. cause                                               D. explanation

【分析】答案选B。在语境中辨析：excuse (理由、辩解), reason (原因), cause (原因), explanation (解释)。

3. “I don’t think it’s my ________ that the TV blew up. I just turned it on, that’s all,” said the boy. (03上海卷)

A. error                                                B. mistake

C. fault                                                 D. duty

【分析】答案选C。fault过失、责任，mistake错误, error (指违反一定标准或道德规范等方面的)错误。

4. We think it necessary to prevent sound ________, as it is getting more and more serious. (上海卷)

A. position                                           B. pollution

C. invention                                          D. condition

【分析】答案选B。pollution污染；position位置、职位；invention发明；condition条件。

5. To the sea captain’s surprise, he found that ________ travel could also be quite pleasant. (上海卷)

A. earth                                               B. land

C. ground                                            D. plain

【分析】答案选B。land陆地(与sea相对)；earth地球、大地(与sky相对)；ground地面；plain平原。

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