一道典陷阱题的分析

请看下面一道题：

_________ with the right knowledge can give first aid.

A. Who                  B. Whoever              C. Anyone                D. Who ever

【分析】此题容易误选B，主要受以下这类句子的影响而形成思维定势：

Whoever says that is lying. 谁那样说，谁就是在说谎。

Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine. 违反本法者应予以罚款。

Whoever comes first can get a ticket free. 谁先来谁就可以免费得到一张票。

以上各例中的 whoever 引导的均为主语从句，它们均可换成 anyone who，但不能换成 anyone。上面的试题从表面上看，与以上各例很相似，其实有本质的不同，即 _________ with the right knowledge 中没有谓语动词，所以我们不能选 whoever。此题的正确答案为C，anyone 为句子主语，with the right knowledge 为修饰 anyone 的定语。请做以下试题：(from www.nmet168.com)

(1) _________ with a good education can apply for the job.

A. Who                   B. Whoever               C. Anyone                D. Who ever

(2) _________ has a good education can apply for the job.

A. Who                   B. Whoever               C. Anyone                 D. Who ever

(3) _________ having a good education can apply for the job.

A. Who                  B. Whoever                 C. Anyone                 D. Who ever

(4) _________ seen smoking here will be fined.

A. Who                 B. Whoever                  C. Anyone                 D. Who ever

(5) _________ is seen smoking here will be fined.

A. Who                  B. Whoever                  C. Anyone                D. Who ever

(6) _________ smoking here will be fined.

A. Who                 B. Whoever                   C. Anyone                D. Who ever

(7) _________ smokes here will be fined.

A. Who                 B. Whoever                   C. Anyone                 D. Who ever

第(1)题选C，介词短语with a good education 为修饰 anyone 的定语；第(2)题选B，whoever has a good education 为主语从句；第(3)题选C，现在分词短语having a good education 为修饰 anyone 的定语；第(4)题选C，过去分词短语seen smoking here 为修饰 anyone 的定语(可视为 anyone who is seen smoking here 之省略)；第(5)题选B，whoever is seen smoking here 为主语从句；第(6)题选C，现在分词短语smoking here 为修饰anyone 的定语；第(7)题B，whoever smokes here 为主语从句。