2. 运用生活常识或经验进行推理判断。如：

Apple trees may grow as tall as twelve metres. They do best in areas that have very cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree.

The word “yielded” in the last sentence means ______.

　　A. improved　       B. increased       C. produced      　D. sold

把四个选项分别取代文段中的“yielded”，我们可以得出以下分析：“improve fruit”是改进苹果(质量)的意思，既然冬季有利于苹果树(的营养生长)，自然就有利于苹果质量的改进，这是符合常识的，因此，A选项是错误的；可以说increase the output(产量) of fruit，但不可以说increase the fruit，也就是说increase不能与fruit构成动宾关系，因此B选项是错误的；“冬天没有苹果买”不符合常识，所以，D选项也是错误的；“冬天不产苹果”是符合常识的，亦符合原文的意思，因此，C是正确的。

又如：Last November the two groups started “Dog Day Afternoon” in the children’s department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.

A “pawgraphed” book is most probably ______.

A. a book used in Saturday classes           B. a book written by the children

C. a prize for the children                 D. a gift from parents

文段叙述的是孩子们参加“周六下午阅读训练班”的事情。根据常识我们知道，在一个学习活动结束时，通常会对一些先进分子进行表彰或奖励。因此，我们可以作出判断，“Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class”这句话的意思应该是：那些参加了四个学习班中三个班的学习的孩子们在参加最后一个班的时候可以得到某种奖励。A、B、D都不符合常识，所以只有C选项是正确答案。

3. 根据文段中出现的同义、近义或反义词(词组)的意思进行判断。

如：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang. It was an eccentric(怪僻的)farmer. I had never met him before although I had often heard people talk about him. He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understood anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident. I hadn’t the slightest idea who she was but I obviously had to go.

The underlined phrase make out in the first paragraph means ______.

A. expect            B. understand          C. see clearly  D. hear clearly

根据第四句话的意思，我们知道“Even then”实际上是指前文的“I understood anything”，因此这句话可以理解为“Even when I understood anything, all (that) I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident”。显然，“make out”是被用来取代前面的“understood”，以避免重复，它们应该是近义或同义词，所以，B选项可能是正确的。

又如：One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.

Which of the following can be used in place of “Quite the reverse”?

A. Quite right.       B. True enough. C. Most unlikely. D. Just the opposite.

根据quite the reverse这个短语前后两个句子中的“perfect information”与“imperfect information”这两个意思相反的词组，我们可以推断出quite the reverse这个短语应该是表示它前后两个句子的转折关系。只有D选项符合这种意思，因此，可以考虑它是正确答案。

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