备考过去完成时要点说明

一、考查“过去的过去”的动作

表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。如：

1. I arrived late; I ________ the road to be so icy. (安徽卷)

A. wouldn’t expect                         B. haven’t expected

C. hadn’t expected                         D. wasn’t expecting

【分析】答案选C。“预料”就是指在“到来”这个过去动作之前，即过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。

2. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he ________ her somewhere. (湖北卷)

A. saw                                           B. has seen

C. sees                                           D. had seen

【分析】答案选D。“不停地看”是过去动作，指在此之前是否“已经见过”，即see应当发生在过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。(from www.nmet168.com)

3. John and I ________ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ________ each other a couple of times before that. (北京春)

A. had been; has seen                        B. have been; have seen

C. had been; had seen                        D. have been; had seen

【分析】答案选D。我们八年来是朋友，现在也是朋友，用现在完成时；before that指在那次晚会上认识之前，晚会认识发生在过去，此前见面就是过去的过去。

4. The pen I ________ I ________ is on my desk, right under my nose. (全国卷)

A. think; lost                                   B. thought; had lost

C. think; had lost                             D. thought; have lost

【分析】答案选B。“原以为”是过去，在这个过去动作以前“已经丢失”，“丢失”就是过去的过去了。句意是：我原以为已经丢失了的钢笔现在就在眼皮底下。

5. The little girl ________ her heart out because she ________ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t going to find it. (北京卷)

A. had ceied; lost                              B. cried; had lost

C. has cried; has lost                         D. cries; has lost

【分析】答案选B。由believed知cry和lose都发生在过去，且先丢后哭，“丢”是过去的过去。

二、考查“过去的过去”的状态

表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态，跟现在完成时一样，也常与how long, for three days等表示一段时间的一类状语连用。如：

1. —How long ________ each other before they ________ married?

—For about a year. (全国卷)

A. have they known; get                        B. did they know; get

C. do they know; are going to get           D. had they known; got

【分析】答案选D。由语境可知“结婚”和“开始认识”都发生在过去，问从“开始认识(过去时间)”到“结婚(另一过去时间)”有多久了，所以用过去完成时。

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