B. 扩展句

扩展句指围绕主题句进行论证、说明、解释的句子，是支撑主题的细节，又叫支撑句或支持句。请看下面这个片段：

Most students of our school, including me, are against the construction of a chemical works near our school. We think it will do us great harm than good. The drinking water will be polluted. 

这个段落展开不够。该段落谈论的是“反对在学校附近建造化工厂”的问题，但是后面的说明太单薄，不够具体全面，特别是根据“在学校附近修建化工厂”，理应简单谈谈修建化工厂对学校的影响。请看下文：

Most students of our school, including me, are against the construction of a chemical works near our school. Although the works will make a lot of money for our city, we think it will do us great harm than good. The drinking water will be polluted, and this will do great harm to the people and animals around it. Also it will make a lot of noise, which will disturb the atmosphere of the study. We need quiet places to study. Last, the air over the city will be polluted too. We will never be able to breathe fresh air. How can we live here any longer?

这样发展句分三个层次来谈论“反对在学校附近修建化工厂”的原因：先点明“弊大于利”，然后从其所带来的水污染、噪音污染和空气污染三个方面进行说明，最后以一个强有力的问句结尾，发人深思。因此，这个片段就更充实、具体，说理更透彻。(from www.nmet168.com)

说明主题的方式有很多，但不论是哪一种方式扩展细节，都必须为主题服务，能够突出主题。不相关的扩展句则会影响段落的统一性，给读者理解造成障碍。如：

We like our English teacher. He is 36 years old. He is strict with us in everything and he is strict with himself, too. He has a good way of making his classes lively and interesting and his lessons are not easily forgotten. Sometimes he is angry with us, and we are afraid of him. He always leaves us a lot of homework to do. If we haven’t finished it, he will tell us to stand face to face at the back of the classroom.

扩展句应该围绕主题组织材料，上面这个段落可说是一个失败的段落。该段落使用了主题句：We like our English teacher. 按理来说下面的扩展句应该围绕这个主题来组织材料，但后面几个句子：Sometimes he is angry with us and we are afraid of him. He always leaves us a lot of homework…直到最后都与主题无关，应该删掉。或另起一段，写这个老师的另一方面。 

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