三、写好段落应注意的问题

1. 段落的统一性

段落内部的统一性，是段落写作的基本要求。一个段落只能有一个主题，其他所有的事实、例子、证据等都应服务与这个主题。请看下面的一个段落：

My father is very strict with his children, especially me. He will not let me out of the house unless I have done all my homework. Frankly, I do not care whether I go to school or not. School is such a waste of time. There are not any good jobs, anyway. My mother does not agree with my father. They quarrel a lot. Sometimes, I wish they would get a divorce(离婚), but then who would I live with?

就叙述的严谨性而言，上述段落中没有明确的主题，内容从父亲到学校，又到母亲， 没有围绕一个中心思想，因此该段落不是一个好段落，不符合统一性原则。

再看一篇短文：

Great changes have taken place in my village.

Ten years ago, the small and low houses of my village lay on the north of a lake. They produced much waste. As a result, the lake was seriously polluted. To the west of the village was a sandy field, which was the source of much dust whenever wind was blowing. Worse still, a brickyard on the southwest side of the lake used up a great deal of good soil.

Now the poor houses have been replaced by green trees and the brickyard by tall buildings. The sandy field that the village used to plough has been covered with fruit trees. On the lake, the villagers often spend their spare time boating and fishing.

In a word, my village has become a modernized and green one.

从Great changes have taken place in my village可知，本文写的是“我村的变化”，然后分两个段落来写。第一段写10年前的“旧模样”，段落内各个句子都围绕这个中心来写；紧接着下一段写“现在的模样”，围绕变化这个中心来写。可以说这两个段落都符合统一性原则。

2. 段落的连贯性

段落内的各个句子要连贯、衔接自然，这是段落的连贯性原则。为了使段落衔接、连贯，除了上面提到的使用过渡词语增加连贯性外，在实际写作中还常用到以下几种方法：

A.使用主题句

请看一个段落：

I found some of the customs new and interesting. People here don’t shake hands as much as we do in Asia. During the first few weeks, I was often surprised because people don’t put out their hands when I met them. Men raise their hats to women but not to each other.

该段落先以I found some of the customs new and interesting作为“主题句”开始，用几个扩展句来说明“new and interesting”，先是对人们见“我”不握手表示“surprised”，然后是“我”见到男子见了女子举帽，而女子则不还礼。这些都是围绕主题句来写的。

B. 合理组织句子

合理组织句子是指段落中各个句子的安排要符合逻辑顺序，做到句与句之间上下衔接，意思前后连贯，以利于中心思想的明确表达。如讲故事或介绍某人的经历可按时间顺序安排句子；如描写一个场所，可按空间次序安排句子等。

请看习作(介绍著名运动员孙淑伟)：

Sun Shuwei, a world champion in diving, is a boy of fourteen. He comes from Guangdong Province. He liked swimming when he was a small boy. At the age of eight he became a member of the diving team in Guangdong Province. When he was fourteen, he came to our national diving team. He won a gold medal in the 11th Asian Games，which were held in Beijing in 1990. In 1991 he became a world champion at the 6th World Swimming Championships.

本段是按时间顺序来写的，尽管文中使用过渡词不多，但读后仍给人一种清晰顺畅的感觉。当然在写这个段落时，除时间起关联作用外，代词(he)的使用也是使段落连贯的一种重要手段。

上一页  [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] 下一页