阅读理解猜测生词的常见方法

阅读理解越来越注重能力的考查。高考试卷阅读理解题设置的一个重要原则就是必须含有一定量的生词，而根据上下文猜测词义是提高阅读水平的重要途径。考生在应试中碰到一些不认识的词，这是正常现象，大可不必惊慌失措，也不要对某个词的词义纠缠不清，以致影响对文章的继续阅读、阅读的速度、阅读的质量，从而影响解题的效果。因此，如何通过语言环境和上下文联系，再结合正确的方法快速而准确地猜测出生词，对阅读理解和做好考题相当重要。有时，必须将生词撇开，继续阅读下去，也许等到将全文阅读完毕，你就会猜出生词的词义。另外，考生也可以通过派生、分解、转换、加减前后缀等方法来获取生词的词义。下面将分析一下近几年高考英语试卷中有关的题目。

◎ 根据同义词猜词义

He replied quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision.

句中hasty 是生词，根据上文所提供的信息所知，hasty是形容词，与quick  同义。

The old woman had a strange habit. She kept over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbors all called her eccentric lady.

句中eccentric 是生词，根据句中所提供的信息，我们可以断定该词是形容词，与strange是同义。

◎ 根据反义词猜词义

We can infer from the text that “computer-literate” means _______.

A. being able to afford a computer

B. being able to write computer programs

C. working with the computer and finding out its value

D. understanding the computer and knowing how to use it

句中的computer-literate 是生词，根据下文所提供的信息：David does not see it that way. He says that computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to people and make them “people-literate”.考生可以断定computer-literate与people-literate相反。

Unlike his brother, who is truly handsome man, John is quite homely.

句中unlike是关键词。它提示了John与他的兄弟情况相反。由此可知handsome与homely是反义词。故homely应是ordinary-looking的意思。

◎ 根据定义猜词义

文中常用解释性词语引出生词含义，如that is, mean, stand for, namely, in other words, to be等，有时用破折号，括弧来表示，或者用同位语、定语从句的形式出现。

Have you ever wondered what a Degree might be worth to you in your job or career ?

这儿or表示job与career同义，所以career译为职业较妥。

Decision-thinking is not unlike poker…This card game has often been of considerable interest to people.

从后面句子的解释不难看出，poker 应是一种玩纸牌游戏。This card game 就是poker 的解释。

The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.

句中herdsman是生词，但后面的定语从句已对该词作了解释，我们马上就能理解它的词义。

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