不定式、现在分词和过去分词作补语的比较

当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式(未来或全过程)或现在分词(正在进行或一直处于某种状态)；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用过去分词。现根据不同动词的不同用法分述如下，请在下列各例句中仔细体会不定式、现在分词或过去分词作补足语的区别。

■通常用带to的不定式作宾补的动词

这类动词很多，常见的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like / love / prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。如：

1. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京卷)

A. for me taking                         B. me taking

C. for me to take                        D. me to take

【分析】答案选D。encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事。

2. The teacher asked us ________ so much noise. (北京卷)

A. don’t make                            B. not make

C. not making                            D. not to make

【分析】答案选D。即ask sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不要做某事。

3. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________. (全国卷)

A. not to                                     B. not to do

C. not do it                                 D. do not do

【分析】答案选A。tell sb. (not) to do sth. ,排除C和D；当不定式的动词是前面己出现过的相同的动词时，为避免重复，通常省略to后的内容，只保留to。

4. The patient was warned ________ oily food after the operation. (全国卷)

A. to eat not                               B. eating not

C. not to eat                               D. not eating

【分析】答案选C。本句是warn sb. not to do sth. (警告某人不做某事)的被动式。

注：①在help后作宾补的不定式带不带to均可；②在hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand等后不可接sb. to do sth. ③want, wish等后接to be done作宾补时，to be可省略，直接过去分词作宾补。如：

When do you wish it (to be) finished? 你要什么时候完成？

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