英语写作中出现的思维定势错误

有的同学不能灵活地运用所学知识进行表达，而是凭印象观念，结果写错句子。

1. 我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。

误：I’ll never forget the days when we spent together.

正：I’ll never forget the days which / that we spent together.

析：有的同学记住了定语从句的规则，当先行词指时间时，关系词用when，而没用考虑它在定语从句中做什么成分。此句中的spent是及物动词，应由which或that替代the days作它的宾语。

2. 炎日下没有比一杯冷饮更让人愉悦的了。

误：Few pleasures can equal those of a cool drink on a hot day.

正：Few pleasures can equal that of a cool drink on a hot day.

析：有的同学只知道用that指代前面的单数或不可数名词，用those指代复数名词。殊不知，此句中Few pleasures和a cool drink这种乐趣相比，因此应该看成单数概念。

    3. 他从上一星期二一直病着。

    误：He has been ill from last Tuesday.

    正：He has been ill since last Tuesday.

析：有的同学认为“从…”译为from, 如：从7点到9点from7 to 9;从家到学校from home to school. 但在现在完成式中却用since.

4. 那个丢失的孩子最后一次被看见在河边玩。

误：The missing boy was last seen to play near the river.

正：The missing boy was last seen playing near the river.

析：有的同学只记得：在主动语态中感官动词后面不带to,而变为被动语态时则必须带to. 因此没有具体分析，此句是考查感官动词后接现在分词表示动态情景。“看见某人正在做某事”译为see sb. doing sth.,变为被动语态为sb. is seen doing sth.

5. 他很少上学迟到，如果有的话，也很少。

误：He is seldom, if any , late for school.

正：He is seldom, if ever, late for school.

析：有的同学知道any用于if引导的条件状语从句中，但此句是一个省略句，完整的句子为He is seldom, if he has ever been , late for school. 用if ever表示如果曾经迟到过的话。

6. 他把雨伞忘在火车上了。

误：He has forgot his umbrella on the train.

正：He has left his umbrella on the train.

析：“遗忘”译为forget 或leave.但二者是由区别的：leave 多于表示场所的地点状语连用，而forget 通常不与表场所的地点状语连用。外出时把东西忘记在家里的时候通常用forget. 如：“我忘了带驾驶证”译为I’ve forgot the driver’s license.