直接引语变间接引语的七点变化

一、时态的变化

直接引语变为间接引语时，若主句为过去时态，变为间接引语的宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个，即一般现在时变为一般过去时，一般将来时变为过去将来时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，现在完成时变为过去完成时，一般过去时也变为过去完成时，等等(若直接引语为过去完成时，变为间接引语可以不变)。另外，若直接引语中有情态动词can, may等，也应变成过去式could, might等(情态动词must可以变为had to，也可不变，should, ought to, had better 等可以不变)。如：

“I like to watch TV,” she said. 她说：“我喜欢看电视。”

→She said that she liked to watch TV. 她说她喜欢看电视。

He said, “I’m waiting for her.” 他说：“我在等她。”

→He said that he was waiting for her. 他说他在等她。

“It will rain soon,” he said. 他说：“很快就会下雨。”

→He said that it would rain soon. 他说很快就会下雨。

“She can swim,” he said. 他说：“她会游泳。”

→He said that she could swim. 他说她会游泳。

注意：(1) 若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变：

The teacher said, “The earth turns around the sun.” 老师说：“地球绕着太阳转。”

→The teacher said that the earth turns around the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳转。

(2) 有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时时态也可不变：

He said, “ was born in 1954.” 他说：“我是1954年生的。”

→He said that he was born in 1954. 他说他是1954年生的。

二、时间状语的变化

直接引语变间接引语时，有些时间状语根据情况也要相应的改动：如将now改为then，将today 改为that day，将tonight改为that night，将yesterday改为the day before，将this month改为that month，将last week改为the week before，将three years ago改为three years before，将tomorrow改为the next day，将next year改为the next year，等等。如：

He said, “I’m very busy now.” 他说：“我现在很忙。”

→He said that he was very busy then. 他说他当时很忙。

He said, “I want to leave today.” 他说：“他想今天离开。”

→He said that he wanted to leave that day. 他说他想那天就离开。

He said, “She left yesterday.” 他说：“她昨天离开了。”

→He said that she had left the day before. 他说她前一天就离开了。

She said, “I’ll tell you tomorrow.” 她说：“我明天告诉你。”

→She said that she would tell me the next day. 她说她第二天告诉我。

以上变化有时应视情况而定，若在当时转述，now不必改为then；若在当天转述，today, yesterday, tomorrow等不必改为that day, the day before, the next day等；若在当周转述，this week, last week 不必改为that week, the last week；若在当年转述，this year, last year 不必改为that year, the last year等(from www.nmet168.com)。

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