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直接引语变间接引语的七点变化
作者:admin  文章来源:www.nmet168.com  点击数  更新时间:2008-09-14  文章录入:admin  责任编辑:admin



直接引语变间接引语的七点变化

 

一、时态的变化

直接引语变为间接引语时,若主句为过去时态,变为间接引语的宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个,即一般现在时变为一般过去时,一般将来时变为过去将来时,现在进行时变为过去进行时,现在完成时变为过去完成时,一般过去时也变为过去完成时,等等(若直接引语为过去完成时,变为间接引语可以不变)。另外,若直接引语中有情态动词can, may等,也应变成过去式could, might(情态动词must可以变为had to,也可不变,should, ought to, had better 等可以不变)。如:

“I like to watch TV,” she said. 她说:“我喜欢看电视。”

She said that she liked to watch TV. 她说她喜欢看电视。

He said, “I’m waiting for her.” 他说:“我在等她。

He said that he was waiting for her. 他说他在等她。

“It will rain soon,” he said. 他说:“很快就会下雨。

He said that it would rain soon. 他说很快就会下雨。

“She can swim,” he said. 他说:“她会游泳。

He said that she could swim. 他说她会游泳。

注意:(1) 若直接引语为客观真理,则变为间接引语时时态不变:

The teacher said, “The earth turns around the sun.” 老师说:“地球绕着太阳转。”

The teacher said that the earth turns around the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳转。

(2) 有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语,变为间接引语时时态也可不变:

He said, “ was born in 1954.” 他说:“我是1954年生的。”

He said that he was born in 1954. 他说他是1954年生的。

二、时间状语的变化

直接引语变间接引语时,有些时间状语根据情况也要相应的改动:如将now改为then,将today 改为that day,将tonight改为that night,将yesterday改为the day before,将this month改为that month,将last week改为the week before,将three years ago改为three years before,将tomorrow改为the next day,将next year改为the next year,等等。如:

He said, “I’m very busy now.” 他说:“我现在很忙。”

He said that he was very busy then. 他说他当时很忙。

He said, “I want to leave today.” 他说:“他想今天离开。”

He said that he wanted to leave that day. 他说他想那天就离开。

He said, “She left yesterday.” 他说:“她昨天离开了。”

He said that she had left the day before. 他说她前一天就离开了。

She said, “I’ll tell you tomorrow.” 她说:“我明天告诉你。”

She said that she would tell me the next day. 她说她第二天告诉我。

以上变化有时应视情况而定,若在当时转述,now不必改为then;若在当天转述,today, yesterday, tomorrow等不必改为that day, the day before, the next day等;若在当周转述,this week, last week 不必改为that week, the last week;若在当年转述,this year, last year 不必改为that year, the last year(from www.nmet168.com)

 

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