高考英语考点类析·母语干扰

很多同学习惯用汉语思维，对平时学过的英语表达方法与英语句式结构、句型和习语不能正确使用，而是造出一些汉语式英语句子，如：“我英语学习不好。”误为：“I study English not well.”“不要在阳光下看书。” 误为“Don’t see the book under the sun.”“他乘飞机去上海。”误为“He by plane to Shanghai.”这都是受汉语思维影响而出现的错误，不符合英语句法结构。汉语负迁移引起的错误主要有：

一、“缺头少腿”类

1. 缺少主语

误：But was already 4 o’clock.

正：But it was already 4 o’clock.

误：Yesterday planted a lot of trees.

正：Yesterday a lot of trees were planted.

点拔：除祈使句外，一般情况下，句子都要有主语。

2. 缺少谓语

误：The new playground in front of the school now.

正：The new playground is in front of the school now.

误：I often by bike to school.

正：I often ride a bike to school. / I often go to school by bike.

误：Mr. Li ill. Who will instead of him?

正：Mr. Li is ill. Who will be instead of him?

点拔：任何一个完整的句子必须有动词谓语。

3. 缺少宾语

误：He seated on the grass.

正：He seated himself on the grass.

二、“画蛇添足”类

1. 语义重复

误：He returned back yesterday.

正：He returned yesterday.

误：His English is very wonderful.

正：His English is wonderful.

2. 谓语重叠

误：There were a lot of people died in the fire.

正：There were a lot of people who died in the fire.

误：He got up, hurried to the school.

正：He got up and hurried to the school.

点拔：一个句子一般只能使用一个动词作谓语。

3. 多用宾语

误：He dressed his clothes quickly.

正：He dressed quickly.

4. 多用介词

误：We must serve for the people heart and soul.

正：We must serve the people heart and soul.

误：When we entered into the room, the meeting had already begun.

正：When we entered the room, the meeting had already begun.

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