高考英语对“过去分词”的五个考点

■湖南  刘志辉

一、考查过去分词用作形容词

即表面上考查非谓语动词，而且四个选项也都是非谓语动词的某种形式，但命题者真正考查的却是形容词的用法——由过去分词转化来的形容词的用法。如：

1. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left _________. (天津卷)

A. unsatisfied            B. unsatisfying     C. to be unsatisfying  D. being unsatisfied

【说明】此题答案选A。unsatisfied在此为形容词，用作补语（主语补足语），其意为“不满意的，未得到满足的”。全句意为：一个好的故事不一定就需要一个喜剧性的结尾，但它必须不能让读者失望。

2. _________ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. (全国卷)

A. Surprising            B. Surprised         C. Being surprised     D. To be surprising

【说明】此题答案选B。根据与之并列的形容happy可知，此题应形容词surprised。surprised and happy的意思是“既惊又喜”。

二、考查过去分词用作后置定语

过去分词作后置定语的特征是：表被动，通常可视为一个被动语态的省略形式。如：

1. There have been several new events _________ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. (北京卷)

A. add                      B. to add                C. adding                  D. added

【说明】此题答案选D。added to the program可视为which have been added to the program之省略。

2. Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title _________ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. (山东卷)

A. being given           B. is given              C. given                   D. was given

【说明】此题答案选C。a title given to ordinary people可视为 a title which was given to ordinary people之省略。

3. The prize of the game show is＄30,000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China. (北京卷)

A. paying                 B. paid                   C. to be paid            D. being paid

【说明】此题答案选B。因all expenses与pay是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。全句意为：此次电视游戏节目的奖品是30,000美元奖金另加一次完全免费的中国度假。

三、考查过去分词用作状语

过去分词用作状语的典型特征是：表被动，可视为其前省略了“主语（即主句主语）+助动词be”。这类过去分词（短语）通常可根据具体的语境转换成相应的状语从句——即表原因的过去分词短语可转换成原因状语从句，表条件的过去分词短语可转换成条件状语从句，等等。如：

1. _________ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (福建卷)

A. Blaming               B. Blamed                 C. To blame              D. To be blamed

【说明】此题答案选B。根据句意可知，Alice与blame为被动关系，故选过去分词。Blamed for…在此表原因，故可转换成原因状语从句：Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network…

2. _________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. (江苏卷)

A. Having lost           B. Lost                     C. Being lost           D. Losing

【说明】此题答案选B。lose oneself in 为固定短语，其意为“在……迷路”，由于题中没有oneself，所以可以断定the two students与lose是被动关系，故用过去分词。Lost in the mountains for a week在此表时间，可转换成时间状语从句：After they had been lost in the mountains for a week…(www.yygrammar.com)

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